Translation of Proverbs in Classical-Persian Literature: Enhancing Beekman and Callow’s Model via Sokhan Dictionary of Proverbs
Mahmoud
Afrouz
Assistant Professor, Department of English Language and Literature, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
author
text
article
2022
per
Translating proverbs is sometimes a challenging task. The present paper aims at investigating the most productive strategies of rendering Persian proverbs into English. Therefore, as the first step, a compilation of classical Persian proverbs were selected from Anvari’s (2004) Sokhan Dictionary of Proverbs and their literal-semantic translations were provided. The proverbs’ counterparts in English were also extracted from monolingual dictionaries including The concise Oxford dictionary of proverbs and A dictionary of American proverbs. A mixed procedure was recognized to be more fruitful than the isolated use of each procedure proposed by Beekman and Callow (1974). Replacing the source-text proverb with its equivalent target-language proverb and referring to its literal translation and meaning in a footnote can be a highly productive procedure. This procedure would provide the target-language readership with enough information and never hinders the fluency of reading the source-text. The results also confirmed the undeniable importance of context while rendering proverbs and, finally, the new procedure called “substitution” was proposed by the researcher.
Classical Persian Literature
Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
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13
v.
1
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2022
https://classicallit.ihcs.ac.ir/article_8825_6fa82a227880cff9762caf4962262f8b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30465/cpl.2022.6920
The study of infinitives position and ancient, rare and obsolete Persian verbs in Qur’anic encyclopedia
Maryam
Izadi
Ph.D. student of Persian language and literature, Najaf Abad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najaf Abad, Iran
author
Ghorbanali
Ebrahimi
Assistant Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Najaf Abad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najaf Abad, Iran
author
Atamohammad
Radmanesh
Professor of Persian language and literature, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
author
text
article
2022
per
From the beginning of the fourth century to the early seventh century the Dari Persian language which was the literary, official and spoken language in Iran, has gathered in itself an extensive treasure of the noble and archaic words, many of which have been formed based on various geographical dialects or loan terms that have found their in to the Dari Persian from the languages of the surrounding areas, particularly the East region of Iran. In the Quranic Encyclopedia, which is provided on the basis of one hundred and forty-two versions of Quran manuscripts for the equivalent Persian of Quranic words, we encounter an abundance of infinitives and verbs which are archaic ,rare, and obsolete, and often related to the specific dialects of types of Persian dialects which are called language species. The exploration of these pure and rare words contribute to the study of the historical process of lexical system of Persian language and it is conducive to the enrichment of lexical dictionaries and atlases and also some of these words deserve to return to the Persian language cycle . This study tries, by means of descriptive-analytical approach and library study while introducing the infinitives and ancient, rare and obsolete Persian verbs in Quranic encyclopedia and rendering their frequency, with the selection of a number of these original language species, to explore and analyze their functions.
Classical Persian Literature
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25
59
https://classicallit.ihcs.ac.ir/article_6655_ee0a0187cac99c704dbe1c87161059a0.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30465/cpl.2022.6655
A Stylistic Study of Debate Processes Based on Halliday's Functional Linguistics Theory
Zahrabatol
Bagherian Hakani
Ph.D. Student of Persian Language and Literature, Allameh Tabataba’I University,Tehran, Iran
author
Yahya
Talebian
Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Department of Foreign Languages and Literature, Allameh Tabataba’I University, Tehran,Iran
author
Gholamreza
Mastali Parsa
Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Department of Foreign Languages and Literature, Allameh Tabataba’I University, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2022
per
The study of the prominent poetic debates in Persian literature can make significant contributions to genre and stylistic studies. Given the importance of debates in classical texts and their relation with public discourse, the present research studied eight prominent poetic debates from the fourth to the seventh centuries. Considering the situational context of the texts and the contexts in which they had been formed, Halliday's systemic functional approach was used to explain the debates. A descriptive-analytical method was adopted to study the debates in terms of the ideational metafunction: the process of actions. The findings of the research indicate that the analyzed poetic debates had undergone transformations with regard to the ideational metafunction. The material processes were the most frequent in the prominent debates of the fourth and seventh centuries but with a different function in each century. Moreover, the relational processes had the highest frequency in the prominent debates of the fifth and sixth centuries. Such transformations show that from the fourth to the seventh centuries, the debates shifted away from objectivity and extroversion towards subjectivity and introversion. In other words, how to use debate processes considerably evolved over the four centuries.
Classical Persian Literature
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13
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1
no.
2022
61
85
https://classicallit.ihcs.ac.ir/article_6729_2b3d19268b405160ee7cc28980b666fd.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30465/cpl.2022.6729
Evidentiality in Shahnameh
Maryam
Bakhtiari
Ph. d of Persian Language and Literature, AlZahra University, Tehran, Iran
author
Mahdi
Nikmanesh
Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature, AlZahra University, Tehran, Iran
author
Nasrin
Faghih Malekmarzban
Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature, AlZahra University, Tehran, Iran.
author
text
article
2022
per
In narrative texts, different kinds of evidence are used for more acceptability. This topic is defined as "evidentiality" in Linguistics. F. R. Palmer is one of the semanticists who divides this category into two types: sensory and reported, and also states several types for each one of them. In this research, all types of evidential markers have been studied based on these features: visual evidence (direct and indirect), auditory evidence, sense of smell, the sixth sense, similarity, types of report, experience and cognition, rational signification, prediction (Astronomy and dream interpretation), Yezidis Xvarenah, swear, and witnessing. It is concluded that the markers of guess, even though including uncertainty and skepticism, occur in the entirely factual status of preposition. In the discourse of characters (princes, heroes, mowbeds, astronomers, etc.), because of the high rationality of sender, the guesses come true, and the contrary conditions never do happen. Among the evidential features, inference from signs, regarding its participation in all the other types of evidentiality, is considerable. The following perceptual and cognitive verbs such as "didan", "šenidan", "buyidan", "dānestan", "āgāh šodan", and the metaphor like "be del āmadan", and the other words including "gomānam", "guyi", and "bar ānam" are instances of evidential markers used in Shahnameh.
Classical Persian Literature
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87
122
https://classicallit.ihcs.ac.ir/article_7772_d0d5e760f6131a4e821eac8cb2a910e3.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30465/cpl.2022.7772
Review of Kalamāt al-Sho ‘arā
Abbas
Bagjani
Assistant Professor, Academy of Persian Language and Literature
author
Seyyed Mohmmad
Sahebi
Assistant Professor, Academy of Persian Language and Literature.
author
text
article
2022
per
Kalamāt al-Sho‘arā is a biography of the Persian-speaking poets of India in the time of Nur-ud-din Jahangir to Aurangzeb baburi, written by Mohammad Afzal Nicknamed Sarkhosh, a poet and writer of the 11th-12th centuries. This book was first published in 1942 in Lahore, then in 1951 in Madras, and last published in 2010 by Alireza Qazveh in Tehran. In this article, the authors have compared the previous editions of this book with Qazveh correction and have come to the conclusion that Qazveh printing is superior to them in some respects, but there are also relatively significant shortcomings and drawbacks in it, some of which have been explored in the following sections: incorrect forms (Wrong words or phrases), variant copies (incomplete reporting, Superiority over text, similarity to text, inconsistency with the text), and general and methodological defections (differences in recordings in the preface of the corrector, movement and merging of sections, repetition, lack of comments and incompleteness of indexes).
Classical Persian Literature
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146
https://classicallit.ihcs.ac.ir/article_5859_09be0ed35556afd353f14de3c4f74046.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30465/cpl.2022.5859
Analysis of the animation capacities of the story "The Ebony Horse" One Thousand and One Nights
Tayebeh
Partovirad
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Humanities, Hazrat-e Masoumeh University, Qom, Iran
author
text
article
2022
per
The art of animation, in recent decades, has turened out to a lucrative indusy; hence attractig many audiences across the globe through its enchantment. Adapting from literary texts is one of the strategies applied by cinema and animation industry to produce an attractive movie. One Thousand and One Night is regarded as one of the most important samples of these foresaid texts that its vast distribution has made this work significant for many audiences in Iran, India, the Arab world and the West. This study, by highlighting the imaginative and fantasy aspect- as one of the most important prerequisites for animation- of the anecdote of "Ebony Horse" , intends to adapt the aectode with the structure of the animated screenplay in a descriptive-analytical approach to explain the elements that are influential in making its animation. Furthermore, it aims to indicate the capacities of this anecdote to the audience particularly to the directores by highlighting aspects such as: subject and story; utilizing the structure of Aristotelian triad theatrical scenes including dilemma, crisis, climax, and solution; practical and suspenseful conflicts; charactrization based on dialogue and action as well as interesting fantasy scenes and situations suitable for animation, the characters show the audience the capabilities of this anecdote.
Classical Persian Literature
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13
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no.
2022
147
171
https://classicallit.ihcs.ac.ir/article_5960_919975722dac881b002ab95b7306a7be.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30465/cpl.2021.5960
Representation of the political, religious, and cultural claims of Safavid rule in the folk tale of Hossein Kord Shabestari
Parvin
Torkamany azar
Professor in History of Iran, Institute for History, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies, Tehran, Iran
author
Zeynab
Eyvazi
PH.D. Candidate in History of Iran, Institute for History, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies, Tehran, Iran. (
author
text
article
2022
per
Hossein Kord Shabestari's story is one of the fictional sources of the Safavid era and has a folk-epic theme. This story narrates the story of the heroes (Ayaran) of the era of Shah Abbas Safavid. The story is told in the historical context of Iran's conflict with the Ottomans, Uzbeks and Gurkhas of India. The two main axes of this story consist of the understanding and perception of national heroes of the need to defend the homeland against foreign aggression and to preserve the Safavid kingdom. A common feature of the two conceptual axes in the story is the connection to the Shiite religion and the land of Iran. This article seeks to represent and present the political, religious and cultural claims of the Safavids based on the pattern of classifying the elements of Propp's folk tales. The result of the research shows that the story of Hossein Kord reflects the public mind of Iranian religion, nationality and identity in the Safavid era.
Classical Persian Literature
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13
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2022
173
202
https://classicallit.ihcs.ac.ir/article_6217_2807d61383db87ecbd939fd09d05238a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30465/cpl.2022.6217
Comparison of confrontation with macro symbols (hawk) in masnavi and sonnets of shams.
Somayeh
Jabbari
Master of science of Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies, Tehran, Iran
author
Zahra
Hayatii
Assistant Professor of Criticism, Theory and Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Literature, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2022
per
In Saussure's and Structuralist linguistics, the dual contradictions stem from the bipolarity of the logic of human mind and language. And then it is used in other sign systems Thus, in sign systems such as literary texts, contrasts are one of the most fundamental signs and patterns of analysis that provide the basis for understanding the subjective concepts.This essay seeks to elaborate the micro-textual contrasts of the text by examining and analyzing the concept and relationship between opposing strands, to understand the central opposition, the poet's way of thinking and intellectual tendencies, as well as layers Also achieve semantic hidden layers of text. The contrasts which made with the large symbol "hawk" in Mathnawi are often within a natural and logical relationship with almost shared themes; and in most cases they symbolize the divine and spiritual spirit, and in these meanings Molana Rumi puts the spiritual world in front of the physical world.But in the ghazals, the animals in front of hawk are different also breaking the norms and the abnormal relationship in interaction relations are both more frequent and prominent in terms of frequency and diversity, and consequently natural and abnormal interactive images are more and more diverse.The escape norm refers more to the elimination of opposites and the unification of opposing poles or the displacement of positive and negative poles in different ways. There are examples of conflict and breaking norm in both texts with similar and common themes and in some cases the conflicts have been processed only in one of the two texts studied..
Classical Persian Literature
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203
245
https://classicallit.ihcs.ac.ir/article_6101_2926e96117ee8c121dc3c15c12267447.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30465/cpl.2022.6101
Khosravani philosophy in Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh
Kazem
Dezfulian
Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Persian Literature and Foreign Languages, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
author
Amene
Erfanifard
PhD Student in Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Persian Literature and Foreign Languages, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2022
per
The Shahnameh embodies the culture and ideas of the ancient Iranians through numerous elements, including myths, epics, and stories of kings and heroes. These ideas narrate the cosmological perceptions, social structures, traditions and moral and behavioral examples of the ancient Iranians which is known as Khosravaniphilosophy. These profound thoughts have been formed in a philosophical way from various religions such as Manichaeism, Mithraismand most of all Zoroastrianism; The basis of Khosravi's wisdom is light And the manifestations of this issue in Shahnameh with high-frequency components such as wisdom, Light, Fire, Splendor (Farr), Angles (Emshaspandan), Goddess (Izadan) and dark forces like the Devil (Ahriman) and Demons (Divan) which are in contrast to the light and Ahuraian Lighting, along with its romantic and lyrical aspects, express the philosophy of life from the perspective of Khosravi wisdom.In this study, using the method of content analysis, components of Khosravani'sphilosophyhave examined in Shahnameh and shown that the brilliant reflection of these themes interrelated to its roots in Shahnamehhas provideda ground for establishing transcendental ideas, creating free thinking space with flowing it to the the heart of society and literary works, as well as a situation for the dialogue of texts throughout history.Therefore, by recognizing this trend, a systematicperception of Iranian literary, historical and religious works can be achieved.
Classical Persian Literature
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247
281
https://classicallit.ihcs.ac.ir/article_6755_5b0f90200e950f3916a9f4c59aa14467.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30465/cpl.2021.6755
.
Zahra
Rohani Ravari
PhD student at Tarbiat Modares University
author
Hosein Ali
Ghobadi
Professor Faculty of Tarbiat Modares University
author
Saeed
Bozorg Bigdeli
Faculty of Tarbiat Modares University
author
Mostafa
Mousavi
Faculty of Tehran University
author
text
article
2022
per
.
Classical Persian Literature
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13
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283
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https://classicallit.ihcs.ac.ir/article_6519_6fc3a2f35bf199dd6b661f4952b237a4.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30465/cpl.2021.6519
.
peyman
reyhaninia
Razi University
author
Elyas
Nooraei
Assistant Professor of Razi University
author
Gholam
Salmian
Razi University
author
text
article
2022
per
.
Classical Persian Literature
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13
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2022
319
349
https://classicallit.ihcs.ac.ir/article_6099_76c498335ed2e69bce9c896959e75b13.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30465/cpl.2022.6099
Contemplation on some gambling terms emphasis on Khāghāni Sharvāni's Divān
Mansoor
Sadat ebrahimi
Ph.D. of Persian Language and Literature, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
author
Amir
Soltanmohamadi
Ph.D. of Persian Language and Literature, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
author
text
article
2022
per
Khāqāni Sharvāni, is one of the Persian poets who, compared to other poets, has made the most use of the capacities of language. One of his artistic techniques in poetic illustration and theme making, is the use of gambling elements and terms related to the two games "backgammon" and "chess"; in a way that he can be considered as the most prominent Persian poet in this field, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Despite many efforts by scholars and commentators of Khāghāni's Divān, most of these terms have not been properly understood and explained. In this study, based on the use of in-text and out-of-text evidence, some of these phrases and words has been reviewed and analyzed; and while gaining new insights into the rules, and quality of the old backgammon and chess game; an accurate and correct interpretation of the verses is provided.In the explanation of one case, a method of old writing style in scribing the manuscripts of Khāghāni's Divān, along with providing numerous evidences, has been identified.
Classical Persian Literature
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13
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no.
2022
351
379
https://classicallit.ihcs.ac.ir/article_7096_fe458f44f4e9d59be36136fbe55e9747.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30465/cpl.2022.7096
Criticism and review of printed book Jame 'as-Sanaye val-Awzan by Seif-e-Jam-e-Heravi
Omid
Shahmoradi
PhD graduate of Persian Language and Literature, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Letterse and Humanities, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2022
per
Jame 'as-Sanaye val-Awzan is one of the most important and ancient rhetorical works written in the eighth century AH in the Indian subcontinent. The author of this text is Seif-e-Jam-e-Heravi, who lived in the court of the Tughluqs and the person of Firuz Shah and his son Fath Khan. Jame 'as-Sanaye was published in 1399 in the series of publications of Dr. Mahmoud Afshar in collaboration with Sokhan Publications. The text of the book, despite having valid manuscripts, has many errors and incorrect records that in this work, under the two general headings of "Review of the text correction section" and "Review of the research section of the text" has been examined. Through this study, it becomes clear that this text, in addition to having many formal and editorial errors, due to incorrect research method, incorrect and insufficient use of available resources and lack of unity of procedure and incorrect method in correcting the text, has many errors which requires a general and thorough review. It is also shown in this work that some of the incorrect records in the basic manuscript can be corrected by using additional sources, especially the Majmue-ye-Lataef -va- Safine-ye-Zaraef, which the corrector has neglected.
Classical Persian Literature
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13
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1
no.
2022
381
412
https://classicallit.ihcs.ac.ir/article_7122_949405eb7e3986e2765ff348d322ddf2.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30465/cpl.2022.7122
A Codicological and Genre Analysis of Manāzir al-Anvār
Saeid
Shafieioun
Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature, University of Isfahan,Isfahan,Iran
author
text
article
2022
per
There are a number of literary works which are considered as a mixture of different genres to the extent that we cannot suggest a general and definite idea about their typology. Manāzir al-Anvār is one of such works written in early thirteenth century by Abdulrazāq ibn Mohammad known as Yamini Shāhābādi. Although this work is not much famous and high-ranked, it is a very good example for gaining knowledge about mixed genre and its history and evolution within the field of Persian genre analysis. This work continues the tradition of literary terminologies on the description of the beloved more or less. It also brings to the mind certain works like Koliāt-Joziāt and Lezat al-Nesā' by Zia Nakhshabi as well as Mirāt al-Jamāl which is categorized under Sarāpā. On the other hand, in addition to explicating and interpreting some Indian words and terms and aesthetic trends of the Subcontinent, the writer has used some biographical notes on poets and also some evidence from their poems while describing the states of the beloved in the appendix section in order to enrich his work. After providing a codicological introduction of this work, this paper aims to offer a genre analysis of it and examine its writing and stylistic tradition. Of course, the only manuscript to which we have access is a selection of Radhakshen by Firooze Hesari which is held in the library of Punjab Lahore University as ms.5786
Classical Persian Literature
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439
https://classicallit.ihcs.ac.ir/article_7222_d4a7ecc144694ca3c33150abd6a7aca5.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30465/cpl.2022.7222
Reflection / Reproduction of the components of Khosravani's wisdom in “Mantegh-O-TTeyr”
Ghodratalah
Taheri
Associate Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature. Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
author
Mahmoud
Eskandari
PhD student in Persian language and literature. Shahid Beheshti University. Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2022
per
The philosophy of ancient Iran, known as the " Khosravani’s wisdom ", is an enlightened thought based on light and darkness in which existence has a hierarchical and skeptical structure. Over time, the connection of this system of thought with the post-revolutionary period has not been broken, but has been reproduced in various forms throughout history. This thought, after being mixed with some Islamic components, has found its way into the epic and mystical works of this period. When studying Iranian mysticism, Researchers have to study the “Mantegh-O-TTeyr”, so clarifying its various aspects in terms of content, cultural fusion, roots of thought, and ideological exchanges and the like to understand This work, followed by a more complete understanding of Khorasan mysticism, will help. The compatibility of the issue of the unity of existence in Islamic mysticism and the creation related to the single point of Ahura in Khosravani's wisdom, as well as the hierarchical levels of existence and light In these two currents of thought, has led to the fusion and connection of these concepts as much as possible in “Mantegh-O-TTeyr”. Influenced by the ancient heritage of Iranian culture and philosophy, Attar has described mystical concepts in the form of allegories and stories. In the present study, we have examined the covert reproduction of the components of Khosravani's wisdom in the " Mantegh-O-TTeyr ".
Classical Persian Literature
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2022
441
469
https://classicallit.ihcs.ac.ir/article_6767_c2face5f3f201ff3ec6c53cfd018c6a2.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30465/cpl.2022.6767
Behbahani family and anti-Sufi discourse in the Qajar period
Saeed
Mehri
PhD student in Persian Language and Literature, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
author
Mohammad
Taghavi
Associate Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
author
text
article
2022
per
With the rise of Sufism in the early Qajar period, the conflict between mujtahids and Sufis intensified. The Sufis were trying to regain their former social status, and the mujtahids did not want to give in to these traditional rivals. This caused a new wave of conflict between Shiite mujtahids and Sufis in the Qajar period. This two-sided conflict ceased as much as literary controversy and denial, until in the early Qajar period Mohammad Ali Behbahani and his sons became the leaders of the anti-Sufi discourse. From this period on, the conflict between the Sufis and the jurists is no longer an ideological conflict based on denial, but an attempt to eliminate the rival discourse. The Behbahani family played a prominent role in this anti-Sufi discourse and created a new chapter. The importance of the Behbahanis in this anti-Sufi discourse is both due to the multiplicity of anti-Sufi works of the members of this family and their act of Sufism; This action caused four famous Sufis of the time to be killed, directly or by order of Mohammad Ali Behbahani; An action that has never been seen before in history. This article tries to exclusively study the role of Mohammad Ali Behbahani and his family in strengthening and expanding the anti-Sufi discourse of the early Qajar period
Classical Persian Literature
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2022
471
497
https://classicallit.ihcs.ac.ir/article_6726_1faf4784e25c0f342809ee2769d15276.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30465/cpl.2022.6726
Exploring the meaning of love in the discourse of Tarsoosi’s Dârâbnâmeh as a long folklore story
Atefeh
Nkkhoo
Phd student of Persian Language and Literature, Hormozgan University,Bandar Abbas,Iran
author
Mostafa
Sedighi
Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Hormozgan University, Bandar Abbas,Iran
author
Faramarz
Khojasteh
Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Hormozgan University, Bandar Abbas ,Iran
author
Sakineh
Abbasi
Phd of Persian Language and Literature. Yazd, Iran
author
text
article
2022
per
Discourse in stories is formed through a combination of meaningful and reciprocal relations between narrator and listener and in association with socio-political and extratextual factors. This is constructed via the appearance and dominance of love-related themes rather than chivalry and heroic, as related to narrative links between the structure and functions of love. Dârâbnâmeh, due to its associations with social happenings and the listener’s needs during the period of creating and recreating of the stories (i.e., Sasanian, Ghaznavids, or Ghorian), prepares a good ground for this research. This was studied at two levels, namely, structure and function of love. The findings reveal that in replacing the love-related themes with those of chivalry, love reconceptualisation is primarily shaped. This means that the story’s reliance on one of its reflective settings, such as epic-religious texts or the time of recreation, is revealed. The narrator, later, by focusing on that earlier reconceptualised love illustrates love affairs through four constructs, namely, lovers’ dates, problems and troubles, reaching each other, and death. As such, creating the meaning of the story is possible. Accordingly, in Dârâbnâmeh this has been achieved through reconceptualising a religious love, illustrating love affairs, and centralised and supremacist national-royal discourse.
Classical Persian Literature
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13
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2022
499
523
https://classicallit.ihcs.ac.ir/article_6644_b5cc7c0ccfa8477c7612c06434051e63.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.30465/cpl.2022.6644
.
text
article
2022
per
.
Classical Persian Literature
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https://classicallit.ihcs.ac.ir/article_8664_a8cf44cd572066f0a2f74a1cf4c4a7b9.pdf