Explaining the element of cognition in narrative verses from a discourse perspective

This article first explains the narrative verses as a subgenre, and explores the origin and source of the story that is implicitly and concisely mentioned in the narrative verses, then, it examines the relationship between the two from a discursive perspective (traditional discourse). From a cognitive perspective, language is a means of establishing communication and transmitting messages; From a discursive perspective, cognition also leads to the emergence of linguistic strategies and techniques. These techniques are constantly producing, multiplying, multiplying, shifting, transforming, deleting, and transferring or replacing other cognitions. Therefore, cognition is no longer just a way to transmit information, but rather an influential flow that acts to complete or complete the cycle of transmission. Accordingly, cognition, a type of discourse used, is realized in a coherent manner and can emerge and manifest in different types. These cognitive types pave the way for presenting different cognitive methods. Considering this, the present article, while introducing a specific type of narrative, which is evocative and in which a long historical, national, or mythological story or story is narrated in a concise manner, examines the origin and origin of this type of narrative. In this type of narrative, long stories become raw material and tools in the poet's mind to express lofty meanings with transcendent purposes or to present an important point; to receive it, discourse and cognition (= perception) must be used.
Keywords: Narrative Verses, association’ implicit’ referential, ascendency’ Capacity, Elasticity
Introduction
This article, first proposes and introduces a new literary genre (narrative verses); then examines the adaptive relationship between narrative verses and the original story or incident from which these verses originates and narrates that story or incident in a short and concise manner; and then, with a cognitive approach (recognizing myths that are suitable for witnessing examples) while mentioning examples from Persian literature, it discusses and examines the subject of this article, focusing on examples from the stories of Prophet Solomon and Prophet Adam^(PBUH). It should be mentioned that in discussing narrative verses, we do not mean narrative and narratology in its modern definition and meaning in the sense of theoretical and scientific knowledge (for example, narrative in the eyes of people like: Behrman,  Greimas, Velas Martinz, Gérard Genette, Michael Toolan and other experts in the field of narrative and narratology), but rather what we mean by narrative verses are verses that contain a long story (heroic, historical, mythological, religious, national, etc.) that narrate the story/adventure in a concise manner. To understand the complete, accurate and correct meaning of the verse, it is necessary to refer to the original story in the sources used by the poet; Verses that are associative and evocative and have referential capacity and convince the narrator that a correct and accurate understanding of the text requires referring to the essence and totality of the story, not just a summary and a hint as is common in allusion; so that a more comprehensive understanding can be obtained through it, and the element of knowledge in this article means reception or the correct understanding in accordance with the space (sphere) of the text, in which the elements that form the basis of the story (especially those stories that have a mythological foundation) also play a role and are the factors that shape that text and are expressed in the words of the narrator in a concise and compact manner. To achieve this correct understanding and perception, it is necessary to discover the communication networks of the text in order to access the main source of the narrator's mind through them; This is the approach that opens the dialogue paths between the narrative verse and the original text. From this perspective, it is considered necessary to pay attention to the context or background in which the text was formed. For example, in the example below, the long historical-mythical story of the Prophet Solomon is told in a verse, and understanding the meaning of the verse requires understanding the myth, which the poet, knowing about, has included the entire story in this verse. To get its details and elaboration, one must refer to the original story in the original sources, For instance, in the verse:
As naught, I take Suleiman’s seal-ring  
in which sometimes Ahriman’s hand shall be. (Hafez; 1362: 328)
Parallels such as: Solomon's Jewel, Ahriman, narrate the historical-mythical story of the rule and the story of the ring of Solomon, which in order to obtain its details, we are forced to refer to the original story in reliable sources. Such as: Holy Quran: 49-56) (Tafsir Surābādi, Volume 3: (1772-1775) Tārikhe Balami: 559-592, and ...).
 
Materials & methods
 
This article, using an analytical-descriptive method, first introduces and then discusses and examines narrative verses, verses that narrate a long story or adventure that implicitly contains all the characteristics and features of a narrative in the scientific sense. And its materials are mythological, historical, or religious stories…
 
Discussion, Results
Topic of discussion and issue of this article is narrative verseses. Narrative verseses are short verses (in the form of one or two verses (and even sometimes a half a verse of poetry) that contain a great and long story; verses that are associative and meaningful. These verses, by using myths, legends and long stories, express deep and broad concepts, which is a sign of the dynamism of culture; and they evoke cultural structure, social issues and the distant past of history and civilization for the reader; The narrator connects the past to the present, and the narrator eliminates the temporal and historical distance, becoming in a way a companion and contemporary with the author, and a world as grand and expansive as myth and history is opened before his eyes. Therefore, in narrative verses, we are faced with a very compact and focused genre whose path to the reference is open in all dimensions and is constantly expanding and expanding, creating a compact cognitive space in the symbolic sphere.
The creative work of the poet is always based on lived experiences; it is an experience resulting from the interaction between the conscious essence of man and his environment, which leads to the functioning of human motivations and desires, and is expressed in the form of perception, feeling and imagination. This type of knowledge is interpreted as poetic or mythical knowledge; mythical knowledge, by using inductive elements, brings the past to the present and places the audience in the process and flow of the general aspects of the story. Another point is that not only through verbs and other cognitive and inductive elements, but also through codes, they call us to refer to the whole story, and by studying the entirety of the text (the whole story), we reach a new, deep and precise knowledge of the thoughts, tendencies, and attitude of the speaker, which goes beyond the limits of allusion and code. In the present article, such verses are interpreted as narrative verses. Verses that have the characteristic that the text can be expanded or reduced to a title. This issue causes a change in structure and form.
Conclusion
In this article, while introducing a new literary subgenre, the following findings were obtained from the discussion and examination of materials on narrative verses:
- Referring to the original text of the poet's argument, in addition to providing us with more accurate and in-depth information about the subject of the discussion and the poet's poem;
- narrative verses, by requiring the audience to refer to the original text, also contribute significantly to removing ambiguity in understanding the meaning and clarifying the hidden aspects of meaning and concept.
- This makes it possible to understand the world of the text and the mind and mentality of the speaker, and also helps the speaker discover and receive new and eloquent points and concepts.