The role of women in the transfer of power in kianian family After Goshtasp era

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

M.A. Persian Language and Literature, Payam Noor university of Urmia, Urmia, Iran.

10.30465/cpl.2024.9343

Abstract

Marriage with an incestuous woman and disputes within the Kianian family on the seizure of power from the period of the kingdom they are of two categories which do not seem to be unrelated to each other. Remarkable point their transformed appearance in the non_religious narrations than religious traditions as in these reports especially Goshtasp and Esfandiar greedy for power are represented. There fore extant literature by investigation marriage with an incestuous woman in pre_Islamic Iran belives in the existence of two species of marriage with an incestuous woman with different motivations in these historical period one based on belief generation transmission through women in a matriarchy/ motherhood in the society and other tradition of  XwÂdÜdah Mazdeyasna aiming to preserve the race and blood and consolidationd and unity Mazdeyasna society is in the Sassanid era that wrangly attributed to Zoroastrianism religion and it may creat this impression that marriags Kianian whit an incestuous woman it has been. Howevere, according to the available evidence, it seems to be based on the belief of a women and women of this period have played a key role in achieving the next king the seat of government.
Keywords: marriags whit an incestuous woman, XwÂdÜdah, Kianian, Ancient Persia, Mazdeyasna.
Introduction
The history of marriage with incest in ancient Iran and the tradition of XwÂdÜdah Mazdasenai has long been a source of controversy and criticism by followers of other religions and critics. some people condemn Iranians by referring to frequent references in pahlavi traditions and the marriages of some Iranian kings with their concubines and on the other hand, due to the non_marriage of Zoroaster and his relatives with incest and the absence of in_laws in the Gathas, some have come to deny it by interpreting it as marriage with close relatives, including cousins ​​(Shapour Shahbazi, 1379 and 1380: 9-10).
Materias / methods:
In order to find the nature of the marriages that took place in the discussed period, the structure of the family and royal systems in different historical periods should be studied comparatively in the world. By comparing the similarities in the samples and the obtained evidence, the reasons and why of such marriages will be clarified in addition, they can also lead to the revelation of ambiguities in some people's actions and fictional events of this era
Discussion:
By examining marriage with incest in pre-Islamic Iran, the author considers two types of marriages with incest with different motives, one is  the tradition of  XwÂdÜdah, which was probably infiltrated by Mazdasenai clerics in the Sassanid era in Zaroostrians religious orders. Apparently, in order to deal with the various religions existing in this era and formalize their religion and getting the support of the Sassanian kings and the fear of reducing their wealth and converting their followers to other religions, as well as with the aim of preserving the race and blood and uniting the Mazdasenai they brought it into Zoroastrianism and Pahlavi texts (Daryaee, 1396: 65-75; Razi, 1381. Vol 2: 818-819 and 856). The other is based on the belief that lineage and race are transmitted through women in a feminist society. According to this ritual, the cycle of power transfers was done by the women of the family, so the kings avoided marrying their girl with foreigners in order to prevent the departure of the family heritage and the family heritage and the use of the kingdom with a girl. The childeren of such marriages belonged to the mother’s family and in order to receive the monarchy and prove their worthiness and commitment to their fatherland, they had to pass a difficult test (Aydenloo,1396: 56-67; Mazdapour, 1383: 192-202) As Esfandiar is also prevented from attaining the royal throne because of his mother's Anirani status and Bahman, despite the fact that most of the historical narratives have considered his mother to be Jewish But these genealogies are probably due to the mixing of his personality with Korosh and Ardashir I of Hchaemenid, and if Homay is accepted as his mother, it can be claimed that he received the kingdom through Homay and also, maybe based on this hypothesis, Bahman preferred Dara to Sasan in choosing his successor.
Historically, the most obvious concrete manifestation of women's sovereignty and marriage with incest can seen in the land of  Elam and  Mesopotamia and following them during the Hchaemenians period but during the parthian period the arrival of foreign cultures with the domination of Alexander and the Seleucids over Iran and the ruling system of the Moluk al_Tawaifi  in this era  and the emergence of Judaism and Christianity and tolerance of Parthians in religious beliefs and the large number of Parthian kings in a
period of almost five hundred years leads to the dimming of the tradition of marrying with incest in this period and again in the Sassanid era, it takes a new form with the XwÂdÜdah tradition.
Result:
Probably, the process of transferring power from Goshtasp to Bahman and from him to Dara also took place according to the beliefs of feminism and Goshtasp and Bahman, due to the fact that Esfandiar and Sasan's mothers are strangers, they are forced to oppose the kingdom. and Bahman and Dara also have the right of kingship due to their mother's assignment to this family.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Classical Persian Literature
Volume 15, Issue 2 - Serial Number 39
(Autumn & Winter)
February 2025

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