انواع طنزهای موقعیتی در شعر حافظ

Unconventional behavioral actions in a conventional situation create a type of humor called situational humor. Hafez is a master of situational satire, because along with trying to reach the peak of literary performances, sensitivity to political and social issues is also one of the main concerns in her life and poems. There are more types of situational humor in his poems than literary humor. This shows that during Hafez's era, the behavior of political and cultural figures was so mocking, surprising and contradictory that poets like Hafez and Obaid Zakani did not feel much need to create humor in an artificial way in their poems and works. By portraying current realities in society, they have created different types of humor, which is called situational or behavioral humor. By creating idealistic characters such as Pire Moghan and Rende Bazari, Hafez tries to model acceptable common values ​​as the most suitable substitutes against the dominant and hateful political, religious and mystical discourses ruling the society.
Key words: Hafez, Ilkhanian, humor, situational humor, Pire Moghan, Rende Bisaman.
 
 
Introduction:
 Humor is sometimes the weapon of those who want to fight with the hostility and unjust violence in a peaceful way and shout their disgrace in history. Humor is a tool of revenge in the hands of people who sometimes find harsh and critical speech not beneficial but harmful to themselves and the society and have no choice but to express their dissatisfaction with the existing situation, sometimes with sarcasm. or taunting and insulting, or humiliating and mocking, and sometimes they depict the reality by simply quoting and narrating the news or presenting the reality itself.
Method:
 Hafez doesn't use sharp critical language or mockery against Amir Mubarez al-Din, whose decisive argument is bare sword and brutality. Because the first becomes a reason for his anger and the poet gets caught, and the second does not have the power to depict the depth of the tragedies committed by Amir Mubarez al-Din. His method to scandalize the tyrannical rulers and their corrupt associates is to directly narrate their hypocritical behaviors and unjustified prejudices and their illogical and ridiculous actions. Sometimes the behaviors, words, and ideas that emerge from people, without any change or appropriation, are considered a great example of natural and mocking humor. Many natural jokes are also classified as situational jokes.
Discussion:
Situational Irony is a synonym for Comedy of Manners, which is translated as Comedy of Manners in Farsi, and it is also an equivalent for Situation Comedy. This type of humor, as it often happens in fiction, literature and the world of reality are more focused on unusual actions and reactions in people's behavior, which often disrupts the current norms of society. It causes defamiliarization and habit-breaking in customs and habits. Hafez is one of the great creators of situational satires in Iranian literature due to his critical view of the three discourses of government, religion and mysticism, and his reliance on the discourse of customs and common people. Here we review some types of situational humor in his poetry.
The types of situational humor in Hafez's poetry are: 1. the combination of subcultures and the combination of mystical, religious and customary culture and the creation of Rend's character with multi-type and conflicting behaviors and favoring a multi-voiced culture in the society because it is in conflict. With the single voice that governs the behavior of the political and religious power of the society causes humor.

2. Inversion in recommending behaviors against religion and mysticism and agreeing with common behaviors in traditional culture is an example of a society of opposites and contradictions, which is one of the main creators of humor. 3. Show opposing actions in four areas: A. Political and social issues. B. Belief values. C. Emotional behaviors. D. Thinking and imagination. Hafez is an expert of paradox at the level of words and language combinations and in the field of behavior and thought, which is one of the main factors in creating humor.
Arrogance and demandingness means showing oneself with a demanding tone and arrogant behavior, a superior character and the right, and thus mocking the criticisms of others. 5. Tragedy-comedy means to objectively show the behaviors combined with imposition and manipulation and ignorance that depict a tragic face of the society for neutral observers, like a comedy. 6. Extremes and exaggeration in emotional issues and their detail-oriented design also creates humorous situations.
The self-deprecation towards the beloved and favorable governments, which is at the opposite point of Hafez's pride and exaggeration towards the custodians of unfavorable discourses, and this kind of dual behavior and contradictions cause humor. 8. Reasoning and poetic justifications, which are sometimes rooted in the strength of emotions and weakness of rationality, cause laughter. 9. Humor is also one of the main factors in creating laughter in many situations when it is appropriate for the position and article.

Result:
 In the period of Hafez, in addition to the government, there are also three groups related to the government, and Hafez, taking their names from their positions, and titles, devotes a large part of his situational satires to portraying the confrontation and conflict of their behavior with Their words and thoughts: 1. The executive forces of the government, such as Muhtaseb, Judge, and shehneh 2. Guardians of official religion such as sheikhs, preachers, muftis and jurists 3. Leaders of official Sufism such as Sufi and ascetic.  Against these three groups, Hafez presents other groups that belong culturally to the masses of people and are obedient to social customs and habits, which are: 1. Drunkards and taverns 2. Lovers and commentators 3. Khabaratyan. Just as the groups forming the government have a mixed situation, the groups forming the people also have a mixed texture. In such a situation where there is no coordination between the functioning of the government and the behavior of the people, Hafez proposes a different political-social model and a religious-mystical model, the first of which is Pire meikhaneh/Pire Moghan and the second is the character of Rende Bisaman..