نوع مقاله : علمی-پژوهشی
نویسنده
دانشیار گروه زبان و ادبیات فارسی،دانشگاه ولیعصر(عج) رفسنجان،رفسنجان، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسنده [English]
Abstract
due to the importance of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, its manuscripts have always been used by its scribes or owners since the distant past. There are many reasons for that. An example of the involvement of these people was writing narrations that were added to the text for various reasons. The number of these short and long narrations is so great that today we know very few manuscripts of the Shahnameh that do not contain these additions. In recent years, with the quantitative and qualitative growth of epic researches, many additional narrations of the Shahnameh have been identified and introduced, however, sometimes in some manuscripts, there are other added narrations that have not been paid attention to. In this article, we will first examine the researches that introduced and criticized the supplementary narratives of the Shahnameh, then three supplementary narratives of the story of Tahmurt's battle with the Diwan, "Jamshid's marriage with the daughter of the Shah of India" and sending the Khaqan of China to Zabulistan as a captive, which entered some We will introduce the manuscripts of the 9th century and examine them.
Keywords:
Scriber, manuscripts of the Shahnameh, traditions additions, oral traditions
Introduction
Ferdowsi's Shahnameh has always been the focus of Iranians because of its importance in the promotion of Iranian culture and literature, since the fifth and sixth centuries of Hijri, the Shahnameh found many lovers and was written and reproduced in different cities of Iran. Usually the scribes, readers of the Shahnameh and the owners of the copies used various motives in the text of this work and did not respect the trust, for example, sometimes the scribes reached the conclusion based on their cultural familiarity or reservations while writing that
This verse or the narration of the Shahnameh has died, or the copy from which they copied it is incomplete. At this time, they were editing, adding and reducing verses or sometimes hadiths. Some of the scribes had a natural talent for writing poetry, and by reading Ferdowsi's glorious poems, they would be under the influence of the poet's words and would be delighted.
In some cases, these people would put the stories that they had read somewhere or heard from narrators into poetic order and put them in the appropriate parts of the Shahnameh. Thus, the version in which verses or fragments were added in the margins became the basis for writing a new version. and the new scribe also took the same verses and parts from the margin into the text, and in this way some manuscripts of the Shahnameh The additions of others would fill up.
Method
In this article, we introduce some additional narratives in some manuscripts of the Shah Nameh and examine and analyze them with an analytical method and a library method.
Discussion
Some copywriters and readers of the Shahnameh, because of the great interest they had in this book, wherever they imagined the story needed detail, and Ferdowsi has gone through it with brevity, or a verse about a certain person or scene is empty, verses and They wrote narrations of their own and added to the written or dedicated version. Apart from this intimacy with the Shahnameh and the feeling of closeness to it, two other reasons have been effective in the emergence of these additions. One is Ferdowsi's reference to the 60,000 verses of the Shahnameh and as a result of the efforts of writers and readers to reach this number of verses, the other is the perception or desire of the general public of Iran in our literary past that every heroic verse was written in a converging poetic method, a poem. It is Ferdowsi, and as a result of including these short and long narrations in some manuscripts of the Shahnameh, by carefully examining the manuscripts of the Shahnameh, we can say: what was added to these manuscripts includes three categories:
Short and long stories
Non-fiction consecutive verses
One or two bits for different motivations.
Conclusion
The importance of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh among the people of Iran and their increasing intimacy with this book led to the fact that, in the past, some writers and owners of its manuscripts, wherever they thought, was a brief story and needed to be detailed. they sang And they would add to the manuscript of the book or their own. Also, Ferdowsi's reference to the Shahnameh having sixty thousand verses on the one hand, and also the existence of this belief among the mass of people that every heroic poem that is written in a poetic style is written by Ferdowsi, due to gradualness, a number of heroic poems and Also, short and long narrations have been written and added to Shahnameh manuscripts. Among these narratives, we can point to three narratives of Tahmurt's battle with Sieh "goblin", "Jamshid's marriage with the daughter of the Shah of India and the birth of Abtin" and "the Khaqan of China being sent to Zabulestan as a captive and his release as a pawn". Manuscripts of the 9th century have been added and the reason for this addition was more detail of the Shahnameh stories or disambiguation of some of them. Since these three narrations have not been found in the known heroic texts, probably all three narrations were influenced by oral narrations, and they were famous in the past, but they have not reached us today.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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