بررسی وجوه «ناداستان» در روایت «بر دار کردن امیر حسنک وزیر» از تاریخ بیهقی

"Non-fiction" is a form in narrative creations that has been seriously considered in the contemporary period; To the extent that many of the best-selling titles in the publishing markets are dedicated to this new form. In our country, in the last decade, Non-fiction has been favored by writers. Focusing on the definitions presented and the features listed for this type of literature shows the fact that writing nonfiction in literature is not limited to the contemporary era and throughout the history of literature, many works have been created that can be considered creative nonfiction.Tarikh-e Beyhaqi is one of these works, and the narration of "The Hanging of Amir Hasanak" is a distinctive example of this type. Therefore, in the present article, an attempt has been made to explain the theoretical frameworks of this type through textual evidence, while examining the characteristics of the Non-fiction type in this narrative. The results of this study, which was carried out in a descriptive-analytical method, show things such as trying to gain credibility of the authenticity of the text, dealing with details to gain the trust of the audience, Presence  of the author in the text, dramatizing the reality and turning the historical report into a text that contains thought-provoking points in addition to Literary and linguistic prominences are among the features that have turned the text of Beyhaqi's narration into a worthy example in the field of non-fiction works.
Keywords: Non-fiction, Narratology, Tarikh-e Beyhaqi, Tragedy, Story of Hasanak Vazir
Introduction
"Non-fiction" is considered one of the most popular forms of artistic creations in the contemporary era, which is the result of the combination of journalism and the literary genre of story. Writers who are engaged in creation and activity in this artistic form consider the main motivation of their work to pay attention to the external realities of contemporary human life. From their point of view, Non-fiction can act as a mirror that reflects the lived experiences of contemporary people. The mirror whose philosophy of its creation is a person's boredom of the dominance of imagination over the affairs of life.
Despite the wide-ranging debates that have been raised about Non-fiction - which is sometimes referred to as creative Non-fiction -, it is still not possible to determine a precise border between this type of narration and other types. Some consider it based on reality, and others consider it is dramatic and creative as its main feature. In Persian literature, due to the nascentness of the Non-fiction form, not much research has been done on its characteristics.
Despite the fact that the term Non-fiction entered the language since 1907, and certainly, the writers of the previous centuries did not have any idea of ​​themselves as writers of something called Non-fiction, but today in most sources related to Non-fiction, historiography and biography are categorized under this genre. Based on this, in this research, an effort was made to explain the characteristics of Non-fiction of the historiographical type by focusing on one of the most enduring historical narratives in Persian literature, that is, the story of "The Hanging of Amir Hasanak Vazir". The main hypothesis of this research is that the narrative of "The Hanging of Amir Hasanak Vazir" has characteristics and capacities that can be considered as a clear example of the literary genre of Non-fiction; although the author had no will in this field. In the following, it will be discussed which features have caused the mentioned text to be considered Non-fiction and what is the special style of Abolfazl Beyhaqi in implementing these features in the text?
Materials and Methods
This research has been carried out using a descriptive method of content analysis, and during it, an attempt has been made to investigate and analyze the story of "The hanging of Amir Hasanak Vazir" from the history of Beyhaqi, according to different viewpoints about "Non-fiction". Based on this, in the process of analyzing the above-mentioned story, the textual evidence of six categories of acquiring the credibility of the text by the author, referring to details with the purpose of validating the report, presence of the author in the text, dramatizing the text through the use of tragic components, Turning the historical report into a thought-provoking text and using the capacity of conversation has been extracted and analyzed.
Discussion and results
Although not much time has passed since the theoretical debates about the "Non-fiction" form, a simple search among the classical texts shows the fact that many texts produced in the past centuries have characteristics and capacities that largely correspond to the components and characteristics listed for this type of literature. In the meantime, the history of Bayhaqi has a special position. Among the anecdotes of this text, the story of "hanging Amir Hasanak Vazir" has a special distinction for the Literati. A text that, although the author emphasizes its documentary and report-like nature at the beginning; But everywhere it is full of evidences that show that Beyhaqi has involved his emotions in his narration of reality in a thick way. A feature that is considered the main characteristic of the literary genre of Non-fiction.
Although in explaining the difference between fiction and Non-fiction, the latter's focus on reality and its distance from imagination is mentioned; But Non-fiction writers are not accurate reporters of reality. It is true that the events of the real world constitute the main material of ignorance; but the author of this type of narration reports the reality as he sees it. A report mixed with the author's personal "I" and full of his personal feelings, perceptions and judgments. In his narration, Beyhaqi first seeks to win the audience's trust in a masterful way; therefore, he refers to his old age and his freedom from the benefits and harms of friends and enemies, and in this way, he assures the audience that his writing will be free from any prejudice and exaggeration. Further, by referring to first-hand observations and writings, he convinces the reader that he is dealing with an authentic and authentic text. However, at the same time, the text depicts a reality that is completely personal and mixed with his feelings and perceptions of events and people. Another technique that plays a significant role in turning the historical account of Hasanak's death into a successful non-fiction is the use of tragic elements in the text. In this text, almost all the elements of tragedy, including foreknowledge, strategic error (hamartia), pride of the hero, and disproportion between crime and punishment can be seen. The components that, along with some dramatic tricks, have elevated Hasanak's story to the point of becoming a distinguished tragedy.
Conclusion
A feature that is evident during the story of hanging Hasanak. Beyhaqi's text, apart from its distinctive linguistic and literary points, which have been talked about a lot, contains most of the other components of the literary genre of Non-fiction. Features such as trying to gain credibility of the authenticity of the text, dealing with details to win the trust of the audience, Presence of the author in the text, dramatizing the reality and turning the historical report into a text containing thought-provoking points.