افشانش معنا در دو داستان «بر دار کردن حسنک وزیر» و «وضع اریارق و غازی» به روایت بیهقی

Among the opinions that are raised about the history of Beyhaqi, is the belief in the historicity of this work and the prominence of its historical aspect. According to these literary views, Beyhaqi's history is ignored because they consider the purpose and criterion of the author to be the narration of history. Since Beyhaqi is selective in his narration of history and does not narrate all the incidents and events, in fact, it can be said that Beyhaqi's ideology and special perspective also influenced his work. In this regard, many possibilities are raised in Bayhaghi's sentences and what was omitted from his narration. Emphasizing the two elements of selection in the conversation and selection in the description of the possibilities of the presence of meaning, the authors have analyzed the history of Beyhaqi with analytical-descriptive method in "Taking Hasnak Vazir" and have come to the conclusion that Beyhaqi by using measures Because selection in conversations between people, emphasis on syntactic aspects, describing the characteristics of people and expressing emotions in their narrative, creates the possibility of multiple interpretations and the incompleteness of meanings.
Keywords: Derrida, presence of meaning, Beyhaqi, history of Beyhaqi, Hasnak Vazir.
Introduction
The absence of meaning, also referred to as the dispersal of meaning, refers to the endlessness of meanings or the missing part of meaning that is not present in the text. Among these, the History of Beyhaqi is a text that, due to its historical nature, creates the impression in the audience that they are facing a historical text. The narrator of history, namely Beyhaqi, continuously weaves a narrative to convey a singular meaning to the audience. However, through the presence of three components: 1. the selection of Beyhaqi’s personal emotional actions and the description of individual emotions, 2. attention to the structure and the horizontal axis of sentence coordination to express secondary concepts, and 3. the selection of narrating an event from various perspectives and through different individuals, the statements made by Beyhaqi result in an absence of meaning, meaning that a part of the meaning remains hidden in the underlying layers of the History of Beyhaqi. The authors intend to analyze the issue of absence of meaning in the story of Hasanak Vazir from the History of Beyhaqi using a descriptive-analytical method. Accordingly, one of the aesthetic components in the text of the History of Beyhaqi, which is also part of its literary qualities, will be clarified.
Materials & methods
One of these artistic characteristics is the dissemination of meaning. The authors have analyzed this feature in the tale of Hasanak the Minister, emphasizing Derrida's perspectives. On the other hand, Bayhaqi, as a historian, cannot narrate everything that has occurred. Therefore, what is recounted depends on his selection and ideology. By examining the dissemination of meaning, the authors aim to reveal the hidden aspects of meaning. They intend to explore the issue of the absence of meaning in the tale of Hasanak the Minister from the "History of Bayhaqi" using a descriptive-analytical approach. Consequently, one of the aesthetic components within the text of the "History of Bayhaqi," which is also considered a component of its literariness, will become evident. This issue does not harm the essence of historical events; rather, it may alter the reasons behind those events, resulting from the three components mentioned above.
Discussion
In his account, Beihaghi describes conversations among individuals and narrates events; however, there are aspects indicating that through these dialogues, one cannot reach the truth of the matter, leaving it shrouded in ambiguity. Nonetheless, this does not alter the fundamental fact that, for instance, Hasanuk was a minister who was executed during Mas'ud's reign. Regarding the crime of Hasanuk in the case of his execution, one cannot arrive at a definitive answer based solely on the dialogues relayed by Beihaghi. When Beihaghi portrays individuals or expresses others' or his own emotions, he selects and presents only parts of the whole. Such cases can embody aspects of meaning's absence for two reasons: 1. Firstly, when describing personal emotions, he tends to resort to metaphor or simile, reducing the clarity of his speech and increasing artistic ambiguity. 2. Secondly, his descriptions of individuals or their emotions involve a focus on syntactic layers, rearranging the subject and predicate, omitting subjects, and so on.
Arayaraq and Ghazi were the commanders of Amir Mas'ud, who fell from their positions for two reasons, leading to Arayaraq's death: 1. The conspiracy of the Mahmudis or Paderians against Arayaraq and Ghazi, and 2. Amir Mas'ud’s capriciousness. At the story's beginning, Beihaghi characterizes Ghazi as a "Gurbez" man. Importantly, neither of the two generals committed treachery, and even Beihaghi is selective in relaying the Mahmudis' dialogues. By using the idiomatic expression "the thread became singular," Beihaghi introduces a kind of meaning absence that does not harm the narrative's integrity. Two possible meanings can be derived from this line: 1. "The task became easier," and 2. "He became powerless and unsupported."
Result
Bihāqī, by employing three elements—1. the selection of emotional actions and the description of individual feelings, 2. attention to the structure and the paradigmatic axis of sentences to express secondary concepts, and 3. the choice to narrate an event from various perspectives and through the voices of different individuals—creates a text based on the absence of meaning. The author uses the selection of events to infuse his ideology and influence the text, thus what is unsaid affects what is said. This issue leads to the absence of meaning in Bihāqī's narrative. In the story of Ḥasanak the Minister, and in the sections involving Arīarq and Ghāzī, Bihāqī enhances the literary quality of his text through the selection of dialogues among characters and in the specific description of individual emotions and feelings, employing measures that create an absence of meaning. Due to this selection of dialogues in the story of Ḥasanak the Minister, Bihāqī evokes multiple meanings regarding the reason for the execution of Ḥasanak Minister in the reader's mind.